The coloured discs were individually crafted in the later New Kingdom Period, the time of the greatest Egyptian Pharaohs: Tutankhamun and Ramses II. The discs are made from faience, a highly fired glazed ceramic, whilst the white discs are carved from shell. Similar beads were found in the royal tomb belonging to the Three Foreign Wives of Thutmose III.
To find out more about the use of faience in Ancient Egyptian culture please see our relevant blog post: What is Egyptian Faience?